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Tuesday, May 19, 2009
Tuesday, May 12, 2009
TWO NEW CASES OF SWINE FLU IN THILAND
BANGKOK (AFP) - Thailand on Tuesday confirmed its first two cases of swine flu in people who had travelled to Mexico, becoming the only Southeast Asian nation hit by the virus so far.
Public Health Minister Witthaya Keawparadai said the patients, both Thai nationals, had recovered from the disease and there were no signs that the A(H1N1) virus had spread.
"There are two confirmed cases of A(H1N1), both of them contracted from Mexico," Witthaya told a press conference in Bangkok.
The first case came to light after the patient returned from a visit to Mexico, the epicentre of the outbreak, suffering from a mild fever, but recovered after treatment with anti-viral drugs, Witthaya said.
Tests by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States confirmed the A(H1N1) virus in a sample from the person, he added.
The second case had similar symptoms after travelling to Mexico and also got better after taking anti-virals, the minister said, although he did not say where the tests on the second person were carried out.
Medical authorities were keeping three people who had been in contact with the first person and five people in contact with the second patient under surveillance, he added.
None had reported signs of infection, he said.
Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva had earlier announced the first case, saying the patient had "fully recovered and has returned home".
The cases came just days after Thailand hosted a major conference on swine flu, at which Asian nations agreed to increase their stockpiles of anti-viral medicines.
Health ministers from China, Japan, South Korea and the 10-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) also urged global health chiefs to ensure fair distribution of medicine in case of a pandemic.
Thailand has previously been hit by avian influenza, with 25 human cases and 17 deaths since 2004. The last case here was in 2006.
Experts have warned that preventing swine flu from infecting patients who are sick with avian flu should be a top priority, especially in Asia, to prevent the viruses mixing and mutating into a highly pathogenic form.
The World Health Organization's death toll from the A(H1N1) virus passed 50 at the weekend. It has reported 4,694 cases worlwide, most of them involving relatively mild symptoms. (AFP)
Public Health Minister Witthaya Keawparadai said the patients, both Thai nationals, had recovered from the disease and there were no signs that the A(H1N1) virus had spread.
"There are two confirmed cases of A(H1N1), both of them contracted from Mexico," Witthaya told a press conference in Bangkok.
The first case came to light after the patient returned from a visit to Mexico, the epicentre of the outbreak, suffering from a mild fever, but recovered after treatment with anti-viral drugs, Witthaya said.
Tests by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States confirmed the A(H1N1) virus in a sample from the person, he added.
The second case had similar symptoms after travelling to Mexico and also got better after taking anti-virals, the minister said, although he did not say where the tests on the second person were carried out.
Medical authorities were keeping three people who had been in contact with the first person and five people in contact with the second patient under surveillance, he added.
None had reported signs of infection, he said.
Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva had earlier announced the first case, saying the patient had "fully recovered and has returned home".
The cases came just days after Thailand hosted a major conference on swine flu, at which Asian nations agreed to increase their stockpiles of anti-viral medicines.
Health ministers from China, Japan, South Korea and the 10-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) also urged global health chiefs to ensure fair distribution of medicine in case of a pandemic.
Thailand has previously been hit by avian influenza, with 25 human cases and 17 deaths since 2004. The last case here was in 2006.
Experts have warned that preventing swine flu from infecting patients who are sick with avian flu should be a top priority, especially in Asia, to prevent the viruses mixing and mutating into a highly pathogenic form.
The World Health Organization's death toll from the A(H1N1) virus passed 50 at the weekend. It has reported 4,694 cases worlwide, most of them involving relatively mild symptoms. (AFP)
Sunday, May 10, 2009
PAYPAL
PayPal is the faster, safer way to pay online. You can send money without sharing your financial information. All your transactions are available in your PayPal history so you can easily track your online spending.
Depending on your country of residence, you may be able to add funds from your bank account, accept credit card funded payments, and request money online. You can view the Worldwide page for more information.
Depending on your country of residence, you may be able to add funds from your bank account, accept credit card funded payments, and request money online. You can view the Worldwide page for more information.
Saturday, May 9, 2009
Treatment of Anaphylactic shock
Treatment of anaphylactic shock
- Airway management
- adrenaline--0.3 to 0.5 ml(1:1000) s.c
- if severe-adrenaline 3 to 5 mg (1:10000) i.v
- antihistaminics:hyadranamine
- steroids:prednisolone 50 mg or dexomethasone 2-3 mg i.v
- bronchodilators-Aminophyline,salbutamol,terbutaline
- sedatives can be given
- chelating agents shold be given if shock is due to ingestion of drugs.
- infiltrative adrenaline if shock due to local acting drugs..
What is kallaman sundrome?
It is a genetic disorder and the most common form of isolated gonadotropin deficiency.
CAUSE:There is gene deletion from the short arm of chromosme X.
There may be associated underdevlopement of olfactory lobes.so there is anosmia.
presentation of patient:
patient may present with one of below compaints:
- infertility
- delayed puberty.
- mental retardation,
- skeletal abmormalities
- renal problems
- depression etc..
Thursday, May 7, 2009
Win ipod free
Now your dream will come true.as u always want ipod and here is chance to get ipod totally free.
here is link.
Blood transfused from relatives can be fatal
A man meets with an accident while crossing the road. He is immediately rushed to the hospital. He is bleeding and needs blood urgently. Finally, his son’s blood is given to the man. The man recovers after a successful operation. After three weeks, the man dies.
The doctor who operated on him investigates the cause of the death as a complication due to blood transfusion from a relative, which in this case was his son, called as Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease (TA-GVHD). TA-GVHD, as the name suggests, is the engraftment and proliferation of T-lymphocytes from the donor’s blood in transfusion recipients, leading to tissue damage and death, eventually.
Even with the advent of safer blood supply management methods and newer technologies in blood transfusion, safety in blood transfusion is under a cloud of doubt with tranfusion related complications. The mortality rate due to TA-GVHD is over 90 per cent, say experts.
Says Dr S B Rajadhyaksha, head, department of Transfusion Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, "Contrary to the popular belief, that relative’s blood is safest for patients, blood or blood products, especially from first degree relatives, can result in the fatal complication called TA-GVHD. The complication generally arises in immuno-suppressed patients like cancer patients and new-born babies."
Based on the symptoms following transfusion of blood or any cellular blood component, the doctors have to be made aware that TA-GVHD is one of differential diagnosis. Such cases are therefore grossly under reported. Says Dr Sunil Parekh, haematologist, Bombay hospital, "TA-GVHD is often misdiagnosed and under-reported because the primary manifestations of TA-GVHD are skin rash, fever, bone marrow depression (lowering of blood counts), diarrhoea and jaundice."
Besides this, the unavailability of gamma irradiation facility in remote parts of the country has posed a hindrance. According to Dr Rajesh B Sawant, Tata Memorial hospital, irradiation is recommended for bone marrow Transplant patient, patient’s suffering from Hodgkins disease (lymphnode cancer), transfusion to new born infants, Intrauterine transfusions, cases of congenital immuno deficiency and patients receiving HLA matched blood components. "Only anecdotal case reports of individual cases scattered all over the world are available in medical literature.", he added.
The need of the hour is therefore to educate the doctors about such a complication and to upgrade infrastructure for gamma irradiation facility in the hospitals, suggest experts.
For patients having good immunity, the chances of developing TA- GVHD is less because the blood cells called T-lymphocytes from the transfused donor blood are recognised as foreign and therefore rejected by the recipient’s immune system. In patients, whose immunity is not good, TA-GVHD develops due to the inability to reject these T-lymphocytes, which result in their proliferation, which then attack the liver, skin, gastrointestinal tract and the bone marrow. "Although a rare complication of transfusion, it can occur even in patients whose immunity is not suppressed (immuno-competent). This happens when a patient receives blood from their first degree relatives (siblings, parents or children) or second degree relatives. In these cases, the donor’s T- lymphocytes may not be rejected as the Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) type of the recipient is haploidentical or bears similarity with that of the donor," said Dr Rajadhyaksha.
HLA is an important blood matching parameter, which has an important role in blood transfusion. HLA type is a genetically inherited unique marker for each individual present on the lymphocytes or white blood cells(WBC). T-Lymphocyte is a category of WBC responsible for immunity. Various treatments have been tried in patients with TA-GVHD including corticoteriods, cyclosporine, methotrexate and ATG (anti-thymocyte globulin) etc. Till date, none has proved adequately successful. Therefore Gamma irradiation of the blood or blood components from the relative’s donor is the best current technology to reduce the risk of TA-GVHD to the recipients. The usual dosage is 2500-3500 rads and requires an expensive equipment that can deliver Gamma Irradiation, currently available in very few institutions in India like CMC Hospital, Vellore, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute, Lucknow, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute,Ahmedabad, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, Jaslok Hospital, Mumbai, Bombay Hospital, Mumbai etc.
World Health Organisation’s (WHO) research findings from a number of countries also indicate that blood from family donors presents a greater risk to the safety of the blood supply than blood from voluntary non-remunerated donors.
The doctor who operated on him investigates the cause of the death as a complication due to blood transfusion from a relative, which in this case was his son, called as Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease (TA-GVHD). TA-GVHD, as the name suggests, is the engraftment and proliferation of T-lymphocytes from the donor’s blood in transfusion recipients, leading to tissue damage and death, eventually.
Even with the advent of safer blood supply management methods and newer technologies in blood transfusion, safety in blood transfusion is under a cloud of doubt with tranfusion related complications. The mortality rate due to TA-GVHD is over 90 per cent, say experts.
Says Dr S B Rajadhyaksha, head, department of Transfusion Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, "Contrary to the popular belief, that relative’s blood is safest for patients, blood or blood products, especially from first degree relatives, can result in the fatal complication called TA-GVHD. The complication generally arises in immuno-suppressed patients like cancer patients and new-born babies."
Based on the symptoms following transfusion of blood or any cellular blood component, the doctors have to be made aware that TA-GVHD is one of differential diagnosis. Such cases are therefore grossly under reported. Says Dr Sunil Parekh, haematologist, Bombay hospital, "TA-GVHD is often misdiagnosed and under-reported because the primary manifestations of TA-GVHD are skin rash, fever, bone marrow depression (lowering of blood counts), diarrhoea and jaundice."
Besides this, the unavailability of gamma irradiation facility in remote parts of the country has posed a hindrance. According to Dr Rajesh B Sawant, Tata Memorial hospital, irradiation is recommended for bone marrow Transplant patient, patient’s suffering from Hodgkins disease (lymphnode cancer), transfusion to new born infants, Intrauterine transfusions, cases of congenital immuno deficiency and patients receiving HLA matched blood components. "Only anecdotal case reports of individual cases scattered all over the world are available in medical literature.", he added.
The need of the hour is therefore to educate the doctors about such a complication and to upgrade infrastructure for gamma irradiation facility in the hospitals, suggest experts.
For patients having good immunity, the chances of developing TA- GVHD is less because the blood cells called T-lymphocytes from the transfused donor blood are recognised as foreign and therefore rejected by the recipient’s immune system. In patients, whose immunity is not good, TA-GVHD develops due to the inability to reject these T-lymphocytes, which result in their proliferation, which then attack the liver, skin, gastrointestinal tract and the bone marrow. "Although a rare complication of transfusion, it can occur even in patients whose immunity is not suppressed (immuno-competent). This happens when a patient receives blood from their first degree relatives (siblings, parents or children) or second degree relatives. In these cases, the donor’s T- lymphocytes may not be rejected as the Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) type of the recipient is haploidentical or bears similarity with that of the donor," said Dr Rajadhyaksha.
HLA is an important blood matching parameter, which has an important role in blood transfusion. HLA type is a genetically inherited unique marker for each individual present on the lymphocytes or white blood cells(WBC). T-Lymphocyte is a category of WBC responsible for immunity. Various treatments have been tried in patients with TA-GVHD including corticoteriods, cyclosporine, methotrexate and ATG (anti-thymocyte globulin) etc. Till date, none has proved adequately successful. Therefore Gamma irradiation of the blood or blood components from the relative’s donor is the best current technology to reduce the risk of TA-GVHD to the recipients. The usual dosage is 2500-3500 rads and requires an expensive equipment that can deliver Gamma Irradiation, currently available in very few institutions in India like CMC Hospital, Vellore, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute, Lucknow, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute,Ahmedabad, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, Jaslok Hospital, Mumbai, Bombay Hospital, Mumbai etc.
World Health Organisation’s (WHO) research findings from a number of countries also indicate that blood from family donors presents a greater risk to the safety of the blood supply than blood from voluntary non-remunerated donors.
What is swine flu?
This is illnes caused by influenza virus H1N1 stain.
it was first detected in united states in 2009 and in other countries like mexicao and canada.
It spreads as other influenza virus spreads.respiratory route is main mode of tranfer.
Infact swine virus nomenclature in not appropriate....
The virus is called "quadruple reassortant"
what is Stickler syndrome?
It is a common genetic disorder,
characterised by,
flexible joints,hearing loss,facial abnormalities,eye problems,etc..
A striking feature is the Robin sequence (or Pierre Robin sequence), common in stickler syndrome.
Robin sequence includes a U-shaped cleft palate with a tongue that is too large for the space formed by the small lower jaw. Children with a cleft palate are also prone to frequent ear infections and swallowing difficulties.
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